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Atrial flutter is a coronary heart dysfunction wherein the guts beats out of its regular rhythm.
The situation is just like atrial fibrillation (afib) — the commonest sort of arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) — and it might probably trigger related signs and issues.
Atrial flutter is much less widespread than afib, and other people with atrial flutter may have episodes of afib.
Causes of Atrial Flutter
Usually, your heartbeat begins with {an electrical} sign that’s despatched out by the sinus node (or sinoatrial node), a bunch of cells situated within the higher proper coronary heart chamber (proper atrium), in response to the Coronary heart Rhythm Society.
This sign travels from the fitting atrium to the left atrium and tells each of those chambers to pump blood into the decrease coronary heart chambers (proper and left ventricles).
The sign then travels to the atrioventricular node, close to the middle of the guts, the place it’s slowed down briefly (or pauses) to permit the ventricles to fill with blood.
It then passes via the ventricles, inflicting these chambers to pump blood to the remainder of the physique.
A standard resting coronary heart charge is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
In individuals with atrial flutter, the guts’s electrical sign will get caught repeating in the fitting atrium, inflicting the atria to contract quickly (about 300 instances per minute).
The atrioventricular node can’t conduct impulses this rapidly, however about half of the alerts from the atria can nonetheless make it to the ventricles, inflicting the decrease coronary heart chambers to pump at about 150 beats per minute, in response to a research.
Atrial flutter causes the guts to beat in a quick however common sample — in contrast to afib, which causes a quick and irregular sample.
Atrial flutter produces a particular “sawtooth” sample on an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG), a check used to observe the guts and diagnose coronary heart rhythm issues.
Like afib, atrial flutter develops from well being situations that have an effect on the guts’s inner electrical system.
Atrial Flutter Threat Elements
In response to the Coronary heart Rhythm Society and Merck Guide, you’re extra more likely to develop atrial flutter when you have:
Atrial Flutter Signs and Issues
Other than a speedy coronary heart charge, signs of atrial flutter embrace the next, in response to the Coronary heart Rhythm Society and MedlinePlus:
- Palpitations (racing, pounding, or fluttering of the guts)
- Chest ache or tightness
- Shortness of breath
- Lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting
- Fatigue
- Low blood strain
Some individuals don’t expertise any signs from atrial flutter.
Though the guts beats extra quickly in individuals with atrial flutter, it doesn’t absolutely contract, and the atria don’t empty fully into the ventricles. Blood strikes extra slowly via the guts and should stagnate, permitting small blood clots to kind.
These clots can journey to the mind and block an artery, inflicting a stroke or a chilly arm or leg if, for instance, the clots journey to a significant artery in your limbs.
Additionally, in individuals with atrial flutter, the ventricles don’t fully fill with blood and should not pump sufficient blood to fulfill the physique’s wants, leading to coronary heart failure.
Atrial Flutter Prognosis and Therapy
Atrial flutter is recognized based mostly in your medical and household historical past, a bodily examination, and an EKG, in response to the Merck Guide.
If an EKG reveals that you’ve atrial flutter (proven by the “sawtooth” sample), your physician might also conduct an ultrasound of your coronary heart (echocardiogram) to judge your coronary heart and spot any blood clots.
Therapy of atrial flutter focuses on slowing the guts charge, lowering the threat of stroke, and changing the flutter to a traditional rhythm pushed by the sinus node.
A number of courses of medicine might help gradual your coronary heart charge, together with beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin. Blood thinners (anticoagulants) or aspirin might help cut back your threat of blood clots.
A process referred to as electrical cardioversion — wherein you’re given a quick, low-power electrical shock via your chest whereas below anesthesia — is usually used to revive a traditional sinus coronary heart rhythm.
Though this remedy is efficient, individuals typically expertise a return of arrhythmia sooner or later sooner or later.
Antiarrhythmic medicine, reminiscent of sodium-channel or potassium-channel blockers, might assist restore a traditional rhythm or keep regular rhythm after electrical cardioversion.
Alternatively, your physician might advise radio frequency ablation to transform an atrial flutter to regular sinus rhythm.
On this process, a surgeon will thread a catheter to your coronary heart and use radio wave power to create scar tissue that blocks the irregular electrical pathways concerned in atrial flutter.
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