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Throughout the steamy summer time months, plenty of consideration is targeted on dehydration and ensuring we stop it by ingesting sufficient water. However, although much less frequent, ingesting an excessive amount of water may result in well being issues. Roberta Anding, RDN , a sports activities dietitian at Rice College in Houston, places it like this: “If I pull the wheel too laborious to the left and find yourself in a ditch, I’m dehydrated. If I pull too laborious to the correct, I’m overhydrated. Neither a kind of is conducive to efficiency.” One consequence of ingesting an excessive amount of water, which is usually known as water intoxication, is hyponatremia. This situation happens when the blood’s sodium stage drops under 135 milliequivalents (mEg) per liter (L), per the Mayo Clinic . (The Mayo Clinic notes that standard blood sodium stage is 135 to 145 mEq/L.) Ingesting an excessive amount of water dilutes electrolytes within the blood, corresponding to sodium, says Mitchell Rosner, MD , a nephrologist with the division of drugs on the College of Virginia in Charlottesville. When the sodium stage drops too shortly, fluids transfer out of the bloodstream and into tissue cells, which causes these cells to broaden. In excessive circumstances, Dr. Rosner says, your mind can’t accommodate such intense swelling, leading to neurological points and even dying. RELATED: Learn how to Keep away from Summer time Health Hazards, In line with Specialists
What Causes Hyponatremia? Causes Hyponatremia is the most typical electrolyte dysfunction, in line with analysis revealed in The American Journal of Medication . It’s notably prevalent amongst endurance athletes who drink massive volumes of water earlier than, throughout, and after train: One examine instructed that 13 p.c of contributors in a Boston Marathon skilled hyponatremia. The situation has additionally occurred throughout contests wherein individuals got down to drink extraordinarily massive quantities of fluids. (In a single instance, a 28-year-old girl died of water intoxication following a California radio station’s water-drinking contest.) Hyponatremia additionally generally impacts individuals with extreme psychological sickness, like schizophrenia, who really feel compelled to drink numerous water, says Christopher McStay, MD , vice chair of operations for emergency medication at Columbia College’s Irving Medical Heart in New York Metropolis. “The commonest factor is that, in the summertime when persons are informed to drink quite a bit, they possibly take it a bit bit too far,” Dr. McStay says. “In the event you’re ingesting 2, 3, or 4 liters an hour, and also you’re not shedding a ton by sweating, you mainly start to exceed the quantity that the physique can excrete. And that’s while you get in bother.” In line with the Mayo Clinic, different potential causes of hyponatremia (which may happen in numerous severities, starting from gentle to extreme, and have completely different onset durations, from sluggish to speedy) embody: Drugs that may intervene with hormone and kidney perform, corresponding to diuretics or antidepressants Sure coronary heart, liver, and kidney situations Power diarrhea or vomiting Hormonal modifications, corresponding to adrenal gland insufficiency or low ranges of thyroid hormone Taking the drug MDMA, generally known as ecstasy, as analysis has famous RELATED: Science-Backed Health Advantages of Water
How A lot Water Ought to You Drink? Water Consumption Tips from the U.S. Nationwide Academy of Sciences recommends ingesting 15.5 cups (3.7 liters) of fluids a day if you’re a person and 11.5 day by day cups (2.7 liters) if you’re a girl. The precise quantity of water you want every day is dependent upon components like your age, intercourse, exercise stage, and the way sizzling it’s outdoors. However one simple method to understand how a lot it’s good to drink is to belief your individual physique, Rosner says. “Thirst is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to ensure that we drink an ample quantity of fluids, however not an excessive amount of,” he explains. “What I inform individuals is to get a way of your thirst. Drink till you’re not thirsty, however don’t drink above that. And for those who try this, you’ll be effective.” RELATED: Hydration Calculator: How A lot Water Do You Must Drink a Day?
Indicators You’re Ingesting Too A lot Water Signs Lots of the signs of hyponatremia overlap with these for heatstroke, warmth exhaustion , and dehydration , McStay says. In line with McStay and Anding, signs of hyponatremia embody: Nausea or vomiting Headache Bloating Swollen palms and ft Muscle spasms or cramping Tiredness Altered psychological state Restlessness and irritability Each day weigh-ins might help you determine for those who’re ingesting an excessive amount of water, Anding says. In the event you’re frightened about getting dehydrated — say, in case you have plans to work outdoors, and you already know you’ll be ingesting numerous water — weigh your self initially of the day. In the event you’ve gained 10 or extra kilos by the tip of the day, she says, it’s time to ask your self: May this be hyponatremia? (However once more, hyponatremia isn’t a typical phenomenon, so these weigh-ins take advantage of sense for individuals in excessive circumstances, like operating a marathon or taking part in army coaching.) Anding suggests writing down any signs you’re experiencing, corresponding to nausea or a headache, after which calling your physician. “What you’re doing is amassing your individual knowledge,” she says. “Then you may inform your physician, ‘I used to be out working within the yard, and I gained 10 kilos as a result of I used to be ingesting water all afternoon.’” Your physician can seemingly assist you determine whether or not it’s good to go to the emergency room, she says. RELATED: The Reality About Frequent Hydration Myths and Details
Problems of Hyponatremia Problems Hyponatremia can result in seizures, coma, and extreme neurological signs, together with mind harm. Dying from ingesting an excessive amount of water is uncommon, however as famous, it has occurred. “When sodium ranges get actually low — I’m speaking 100 mEq/L or a quantity that’s dramatically completely different than the traditional vary — you may die, as a result of your mind will swell up a lot,” McStay says. “The mind stem pushes down the cranium base, which makes you cease respiration and lose consciousness.” RELATED: These Hacks Will Assist You Keep Hydrated All through the Day
Outlook of Hyponatremia Outlook Your physician can diagnose hyponatremia primarily based on blood exams and urine exams. The signs of this situation are normally gentle, and sufferers can get well at residence. However in extreme circumstances, sufferers have to be handled within the hospital, McStay says: “In some unspecified time in the future, issues begin to occur that your physique can’t repair shortly sufficient. The flexibility for the kidneys to excrete your water isn’t adequate or quick sufficient to right the state of affairs.” In the event you’re experiencing signs like an altered psychological state or seizures, it’s essential to hunt pressing medical consideration, reasonably than merely making a health care provider’s appointment. If in case you have extreme hyponatremia, correcting it too shortly could be harmful. On this case, your physician will seemingly provide you with a sodium resolution by way of an IV to slowly increase the sodium stage in your blood. You may additionally be given treatment to assist deal with the unintended effects of hyponatremia, corresponding to complications and nausea. “Sadly, we get case experiences of individuals passing away from [hyponatremia], however that’s actually very uncommon,” Rosner says. “Most individuals both get well spontaneously or with medical remedy. They do very effectively.” A Ultimate Phrase on Hyponatremia Hyponatremia, which happens when the blood’s sodium stage drops too low, can happen from ingesting an excessive amount of water. This isn’t a typical situation, and a few people who find themselves extra in danger embody, for instance: endurance athletes, these taking part in contests that contain ingesting numerous fluid, these taking sure illicit medicine like MDMA (ecstasy), and other people with psychiatric situations. Take note of signs corresponding to vomiting, bloating, and an altered psychological state; and for those who’re frightened you might need consumed an excessive amount of water, name your physician, who might help you determine if it’s good to search emergency remedy. When unsure, search emergency care analysis, particularly in case your signs are extreme.
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